4/ of smaller black holes. - The two black holes were rotating at speeds close to the limit predicted by Einstein's general relativity, making the signal complex to analyze and requiring advanced theoretical models.
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5/ - According to Dave Reitze, the executive director of LIGO at Caltech, this observation reveals the fundamental and exotic nature of black holes, pushing detection technologies and theoretical models to the limit. How was this achieved? Since 2015, when LIGO first detected gravitational waves
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6/ (from a merger that produced a 62-solar-mass BH), the LIGO (USA), Virgo (Italy), and KAGRA (Japan) observatories have identified approximately 300 black hole mergers, including over 200 in the fourth observing run that began in May 2023. These instruments detect tiny distortions in space-time
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7/ caused by extreme cosmic events. GW231123 represents a limiting case that tests the capabilities of analysis and instrumentation. This discovery stimulates new questions about the formation of black holes and the evolution of the universe. "It will take years for the community to fully unravel
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8/ this intricate signal pattern and all its implications," emphasizes Gregorio Carullo from the University of Birmingham. The data from GW231123 will be studied by researchers around the world. The event has been presented at the 24th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation
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9/ and the 16th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves in Glasgow (July 14–18, 2025) GW231123 is not just a record, but a window into extreme cosmic phenomena. More complex scenarios, such as as yet unknown cosmic interactions, could emerge, making this a crucial moment for science.
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10/10 References ➡️ ligo.org/ligo-virgo-k... ➡️ ligo.org/wp-content/u... ➡️ ligo.org/detections/g... Video: 'Two Black Holes Merge into One' Animation created by SXS, the Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) project (www.black-holes.org)
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