Similarly, Canada only has a senate at the federal level which (unlike the Australian federal and US senates) doesn’t have equal representation for provinces (but a strong eastern and urban province bias with ON and QC each having 24 senators while most get only 6 and NB and NS have 10 each).
Australia only has a 'senate' at the Federal level. As I said, the state governments all have to have the confidence of metropolitan voters, which is why all but Tas and Qld are Labor states.
So what are the upper houses in the state legislatures if they’re not senates? QLD is a weird state politically but I don’t quite get why. Is the rural population in QLD more significant relative to the SEQ urban population compared to other states (especially NSW where even Libs are pro-transit)?