was that "All right, if you want it separate but equal, I will make it so expensive for it to be separate that you will have to abandon your separateness." And so that was the reason he started demanding equalization of salaries for teachers, equal facilities in the (25/33)
schools and all of that… As Special Counsel to the NAACP, Houston dispatched Thurgood Marshall, Oliver Hill and other young attorneys to work a litigation campaign of court challenges to equalize teachers' salaries. Houston also directed the NAACP's campaign to end (26/33)
restrictive housing covenants... The Court ruled in Corrigan v. Buckley (1926) that such restrictions were the acts of individuals and beyond the reach of the constitutional protections. As the NAACP continued with its campaign in the 1940s, Houston drew from (27/33)
contemporary sociological and other studies to demonstrate that such covenants and resulting segregation produced conditions of overcrowding, poor health, and increased crime that adversely affected African-American communities. Following Corrigan, Houston contributed to (28/33)
what was a 22-year campaign, in concert with lawyers he had trained, in order to overturn the constitutionality of restrictive covenants. This was achieved in the US Supreme Court ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer (1948). The court ruled that (29/33)
"judicial enforcement of private right constitutes state action for the purpose of the fourteenth amendment." Death …Houston died from a heart attack on April 22, 1950, at the age of 54. Personal life In 1924 Houston married Gladys Moran. They divorced in 1937. He (30/33)
next married Henrietta Williams. They had Houston's only child in 1940, Charles Hamilton Houston, Jr. In 2023, Loudoun County named the courthouse where Houston defended George Crawford the "Charles Hamilton Houston Courthouse." (31/33)
In 2024, the National Park Service listed the courthouse as a National Historic Landmark. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles... (32/32)