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Paul Jouen

@pauljouen.bsky.social

:newstime ProSiebenSat1 🗞️🗞️📺 Newsjunkie. Faible for Politics, statistics &🇫🇷🇩🇪 In Munich/Berlin/Paris at home.

created November 9, 2023

96 followers 241 following 3,315 posts

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/ Risque de débordement violent: La hausse des actes criminels d'ED (incendies, agressions) augmente la pression sur les autorités, mais la gestion de ces actes reste difficile, notamment en raison de réseaux souterrains et d'une radicalisation qui n'est pas contenue seulement par la loi.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ Le poids des abstentions et désillusion politique: la désaffection pour les partis traditionnels alimente la montée de l'ED et pose un défi permanent aux systèmes démocratiques. L'AfD capte des électeurs issus d'abstentionnistes ou d'anciens électeurs de partis centristes.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Ces facteurs alimentent la base électorale de l'AfD et affaiblissement l'effet des mécanismes existants.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/ Polarisation et fractures socio-économiques: la montée de l'ED est en partie due aux tensions structurelles. Insécurité économique, peur de la globalisation, désindustrialisation de certaines régions, et inquiétudes migratoires.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

La radicalisation interne du parti ainsi que des discours codés (exploitation du symbolisme nazi) rendent difficile une lutte uniquement institutionnelle.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ Malgré la surveillance et le cordon sanitaire, l'AfD augmente ses voix. Notamment dans certains bastions industriels et ruraux en Allemagne de l'Est et même de l'Ouest. Où elle a triplé son score dans certaines régions (Ex: Rhénanie du Nord Westphalie aux élections communales dimanche dernier).

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Mais leur efficacité est limitée ou connait un plafond.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/ Surveillance et lutte contre les discours haineux: le cadre légal allemand - très strict en matière de discours de haine - permet des poursuites pénales contre les propos racistes ou antisémites. Étranglant en partie la rhétorique la plus virulente de l'ED.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ La culture politique du compromis: L'Allemagne dispose d'une culture politique forte de coalition et de compromis qui favorise des gouvernement stables multipartites. Permettant de limiter la polarisation extrême et de maintenir un consensus démocratique autour de valeurs fondamentales.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Excluant ainsi légalement et politiquement le parti d'ED du pouvoir et évitant qu'il ne puisse former une majorité ou un gouvernement. Même s'il gagne du terrain électoral.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/ Le cordon sanitaire politique: une large coalitions de 'partis traditionnels' (CDU, CSU, SPD, Verts, FDP) refuse en général toute coopération gouvernementale avec l'AfD.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

...ce qui leur permet de pratiquer une surveillance renforcée incluant écoutes et infiltrations dans ses rangs.

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ Le classement de l'AfD comme mouvement extrémiste et surveillance accrue: l'Office fédéral de protection de la Constitution, les services de renseignement allemands, ont officiellement classés l'AfD comme un mouvement d'"ED extrémiste"...

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Quand on regarde les quatre mécanismes contre l'extrême-droite, on peut se dire que l'ED gagne moins rapidement du terrain qu'en France mais on doit aussi voir que leur efficacité a ses limites. Les quatre limites qui sont

16/9/2025, 2:32:32 PM | 1 1 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ Ainsi, dire que le groupe gouvernemental français est arrivé ne reflète pas une "singularité" au sens d'un défaut démocratique - mais la spécifié où exécutif et législatif ne sont pas forcément alignés. Provoquant davantage de tensions et de crises politiques.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/En 🇫🇷: le président est élu au suffrage universel direct. Indépendamment des élections législatives. Ce qui peut créer des dissociations entre majorité présidentielle et majorité parlementaire. Le PM nommé par le PR ne résulte pas forcément d'une majorité parlementaire stable.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

⚫ Pourquoi la comparaison ne tient pas 1/ En 🇩🇪, le Chancelier est choisir PAR et RESPONSABLE devant le parlement. Ce qui reflète directement le rapport de force électoral. Ceci explique pourquoi le candidat du parti majoritaire ou la coalition arrive souvent en tête (ou gagne pour être plus précis)

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

🇫🇷: la culture politique française est plus centrée sur le leadership fort. Avec une personnalisation à la présidence. Mais aussi des oppositions plus virulentes et une instabilité parlementaire en cas d'absence de majorité claire.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

⚫ Culture politique et gouvernance. 🇩🇪 : la culture politique allemande est marquée par la recherche du compromis et l'adaptation institutionnelle. Favorisant des coalitions stables malgré la pluralité des partis.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Mais aussi des tensions accrues lorsque la majorité parlementaire est fragmentée.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

👉 La France a un système majoritaire à deux tours pour les législatives - créant des majoritaires souvent absolues mais peuvent aussi produire des majorités relatives et fragiles. Surtout avec la montée de blocs politiques concurrents. La présidentialisation favorise un exécutif fort.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

⚫ Concernant le système électoral et les majorités 👉 L'Allemange utilise un scrutin proportionnel mixte, favorisant les coalitions multi-parties ET une culture du compromis. Le gouvernement se forme sur base d'un accord entre partis, ce qui renforce la stabilité même en cas de fragmentation.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Notamment en cas de cohabitation politique ou de majorité parlementaire fragmentée.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

👉 En France, le PM est nommé par le PR (issu d'élections séparées, la présidentielle) - qui a un pouvoir exécutif FORT. Le PM dirige le gouvernement et est responsable devant l'AN. La France a un régime semi-présidentiel où le PR dispose d'une énorme marge de manoeuvre.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Le président fédéral le désigne SELON le vote parlementaire. Le chancelier est le chef effectif du gouvernement. Et son pouvoir dépend de la coalition parlementaire et de sa stabilité. Le système est parlementaire, fédéral et proportionnel.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Juste sur la comparaison France-Allemagne: ⚫ sur la nomination du chef du gouvernement 👉 En Allemagne, le Chancelier est élu par le Bundestag APRÈS les élections fédérales, généralement le chef du parti ou de la coalition ayant la majorité présidentielle.

16/9/2025, 2:14:59 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Deportations are legally permitted - that's true - in German Law but only for those without legal residence or whose asylum applications have been rejected - provided that deportation does not violate fundamental rights or international protection obligations

16/9/2025, 1:55:09 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

It seems quite tricky. The German Government does not officially recognize the Taliban as a legitimate governments but conducts technical-level talks with Taliban representatives to facilitate deportations of Afghan nationals.

16/9/2025, 1:55:09 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

With state elections coming up - e.g. in BaWü - it will be more difficult to continue as before. The party must succeed in bringing its own ideas and concepts to the public

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

5/ The Greens losses were partly foreseeable: after all, the Greens achieved their record results five years ago at the height of the climate movement. At that time, climate change was the most important issue for voters. Today: the focus is on economic policy, public safety, and immigration.

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Many Social Democrats were surprised that the result in NRW was higher than the second vote in the federal elections (20 percent).

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/ Concerning the SPD: Overall the party cannot be satisfied. In view of AfD's result there can be not "business as usual" now. The fact that the SPD literally got off lightly is due to its strong roots in the local communities.

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

...even though the federal party has since plummeted by almost ten percent. From 36 percent at that time to around 26 percent today.

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/The polls at the federal level did not give the CDU any tailwind. On the contrary: the local elections were won against the trend in Berlin. It is significant that the CDU in NRW remains relatively stable with its result (almost no change compared to the 2020 local elections)...

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/While the SPD remained more stable in areas where it rends to represents more (!) conservative positions.

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/As well in NRW, the political landscape is shifting to the right. In the local elections in Germany's most populous state the CDU won by a CLEAR margin, but the AfD almost TRIPLED its share of the vote.

16/9/2025, 1:49:54 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/ In both contexts, Die Linke's youth appeal signals a distinctive generational divide in politics. With the party acting as a magnet for younger left-leaning voters disillusioned with centrist parties.

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

The recent surge for Die Linke in youth groups partly comes as these voters moved away from the Greens. Who lost significant youth support in 2025.

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ Young voters are more volatile and less attached to traditional parties. Making them prone to shift between left-wing parties like Die Linke or others such as the Greens or even abstain.

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

However: local elections rend to have lower youth turnout than federal elections and often reflect more immediate neighborhoods concerns - Which can cause some variation in support levels.

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/ At local NRW elections, young voting patterns might echo this trends: with Die Linke benefiting from younger, urban and socially progressive voters mobilized around similar issues.

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

..This youth appeal is tied to the party's clear stance against restrict immigration policies, focus on social justice issues like housing, poverty, and climate. And a rejuvenated party images with younger leadership and active social media presence.

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ Die Linke significantly appeals to young voters - especially those unter 25 - where it won about 25 percent of the vote in the 2025 federal elections. Far exceeding its support among older voters...

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

And concerning Die Linke, I agree. The momentum Die Linke is building among young voters in the communal elections in NRW can indeed by analyzed with en eye toward comparisons with its comparatively strong results in the recent BTW:

16/9/2025, 1:38:44 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

E.g: The AfD's success in local elections might not directly translate to state or federal level due to different competition and voter behavior dynamics.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/ At the local level, voters may be more strategic or influenced by local coalitions and personalities, whereas in federal or state elections, national party programs and leadership weigh more heavily.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ NRW is a state with historically strong SPD support but shifting dynamics. The local elections in NRW show AfD making unprecedented gains in areas like the Ruhr, driven by local economic and social fears - but the party's performance in LTW or BTW reflects different contexts and broader trends

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

For exemple, AfD has gained in western Germany's local elections in NRW by appealing to working-class and former SPD voters concerned with immigration and economic anxiety. Which may differ from its base in federal elections.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/ Communal elections may attract different voters demographics and lower or more variable turnout compared to LTW or BTW. = This can lead to discrepancies in which segments of the population support the AfD.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

= the AfD's appeal can vary accordingly, affecting how voters support it on different levels.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ Voters often have different priorities in local elections vs state or federal elections. Local elections tend to focus on more immediate, community-level such as local services, schools, and policing, whereas state and federal elections revolve around broader policy issues and national politics.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

My analysis: Comparing the voting behavior for the AfD in local elections in NRW with its behavior in state or federal elections is difficult mainly because of differences in voter motivations, the political landscape and electoral dynamics at different levels:

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ NRW's economic structure leans more industrial and working class - compared to wealthier southern states like Bavaria or Baden-Württemberg.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/ The political preference and youth voting partners in rural or East Germany states may differ markedly from NRW's urbanized West.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ NRW has a somewhat higher population of migrant-origin residents that other states. Which can influence political dynamics, particularly for parties like the AfD or Die Linke.

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Even if NRW has a diverse population including large urban centers like Cologne, Düsseldorf and Dortmund, and a features of mix of industrial and service sectors - there are some caveats:

16/9/2025, 1:30:33 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

…, un contexte aussi lié aux pratiques patronales et au marché du travail, plus qu’à une politique gouvernementale délibérée de mise en cause.

16/9/2025, 1:02:15 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Les inquiétudes sur une menace des droits des travailleurs migrants et réfugiés proviennent surtout des conditions de vie et de travail difficiles observées dans certains secteurs (bâtiment, services, agriculture)…

16/9/2025, 1:02:15 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

= Ces mesures cherchent à encadrer l’immigration légale tout en renforçant la coopération avec les pays d’origine et les contrôles aux frontières.

16/9/2025, 1:02:15 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/.. notamment sur le droit d’asile, la suspension temporaire du regroupement familial pour certains réfugiés, et l’augmentation des conditions pour l’obtention de la naturalisation (allongement de 3 à 5 ans de résidence).

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Mais: 1/Le programme du gouvernement allemand formé par la CDU et le SPD en 2025 prévoit des mesures strictes et une politique migratoire plus restrictive

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

👉 Au contraire, le gouvernement entend encourager l’intégration par des offres sociales et linguistiques mieux ciblées, mais avec des exigences accrues, comme l’obligation d’intégration plus stricte.

16/9/2025, 1:02:15 PM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

rien dans le programme officiel ne stipule une volonté explicite de « surexploiter » les travailleurs migrants ou de les désigner comme boucs-émissaires officiels.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

6/Spousal and child benefits (partial pension to spouse, benefits for minor children), access to consular residences abroad.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

5/Free travel on Air France and SNCF, use of a car and two chauffeurs (reduced to one after five years), official lodging on state trips.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/Permanent police protection, typically two dedicated officers.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/State provides and maintains a residence, covers all costs.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/Up to seven staff members in the first five years, then three; furnished office with operating costs covered.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ Equivalent to a senior civil servant’s salary (about €6,000/month, up to €13,500 net/month for some), paid regardless of age and cumulated with other pensions.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

And concerning Presidents:

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ Retirement is based on their other civil service or elected positions.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/Lifetime police protection has been standard, but upcoming reforms will restrict this.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/Same three-month post-term allowance. They also historically received lifetime access to a state car, chauffeur, and staff, but this will be abolished from 2026 (in Lecornus Plan)

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

And specifically for PMs

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/ Ministers who held sensitive posts can have police protection, at times for life depending on risk—however, this will be largely removed from 2026 onward (in Lecornus Plan)

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/No lifetime perks; privileges (car, housing, security) end immediately after leaving office.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/Ministers pay into the regular civil service pension system. No special pension or lifetime benefit specific to ministerial service.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ Ministers get a post-term allowance equal to their last salary (approx. €9,940/month for ministers, €15,140 for prime ministers) for three months if not working elsewhere.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

In 🇫🇷, former ministers and prime ministers receive temporary allowances after their term, but do not have lifetime pensions or permanent privileges—unlike in the 🇺🇸, where benefits are more generous and lasting:

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

As well as a 1995 decision concerning the taxation of professional asset. The Council criticized a provision granting tax exemptions only on condition of managing received professional assets. Potentially creating inequality between heirs and beneficiaries.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Consequence: This ruling established limits on very high tax rates in France. And underlined the need for proportionality and equality in tax design.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

...Because the tax applied to individuals and not households. For example, a two earner household unter the threshold would escape the tax. Whereas a single earner household above it would it pay.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

For exemple, the 2012 decision on the 75 percent income tax for millionaires. The Constitutional Council struck down the seventy-five percent income tax in incomes above 1 million euro. It did not reject it explicitly for confiscatory nature but for violating the principle of equality...

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

5/Past decisions by the Council have set precedents for capping wealth tax rates or requiring proportionality with income. Complicating adoption of a flat two percent minimum rate without caps or income-related adjustments.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

4/ Critics argue that the tax could drive capital flight or discourage investment. Impacting economic freedom. While these are political and economic concerns - they also influence constitutional interpretation. As laws that excessively restrict economic activity may be challenged.

15/9/2025, 3:17:51 AM | 0 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

...And whether the tax violates constitutional protections against double taxation or undue burdens on entrepreneurship.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

3/ The tax base includes not only personal assets. But also corporate shares and professional assets. Taxing these may result in "double taxation" - since companies already pay corporate taxes on profits. This raises legal questions about fairness...

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

...However: opponents claim the tax would violate equality by unfairly targeting a specific group of taxpayers.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

2/ Supporters argue that the tax promotes constitutional equality because currently, the ultra-wealthy pay a lower effective tax rate than average citizens - violating the principle of equal treatment...

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

... The Zucman Tax proposes a two percent minimum tax on wealth exceeding 100 million - which surpasses this previous threshold - and thus faces skepticism about constitutionality.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

1/ The French Constitutional Council has historically ruled that wealth taxes with rates above approximatively 0.5 percent risk being seen as "confiscatory". Meaning they take an excessive share of wealth - and could violate constitutional limits...

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

The constitutional problems with the Zucman Tax in France revolve mainly around whether such a wealth tax at the proposed rates violates constitutional principles. Particularly related to taxation and equality.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

The initial estimates projected 15 to 25 billion Euro annually for France. Some experts analyzes suggest than the revenues might be closer to 5 billion annually, after accounting for tax avoidance, behavioral changes and exemptions.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

The Zucman tax is just suppose to apply to households with wealth above 100 million, affecting roughly 1,800 households in France. With a minimum of two percent annual tax on net wealth (assets minus liabilities).

15/9/2025, 3:17:51 AM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Der "Unwille" zu Reformen ist nicht nur Lähmung. Sondern Vorzeichen eines notwendigen u. historischen Übergangs. Von der politischen Nostalgie zur gemeinsamen europäischen Verantwortung.

15/9/2025, 2:09:36 AM | 2 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Aber sie sind auch die letzte Warnung, bevor grössere Einheiten entstehen. Die Frage ist: gelingt es den Akteuren, die Blockade in Kraft für institutionelle Erneuerung und echte europäische Demokratie zu verwandeln?

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Es stimmt, dass die "nationale" Level durchgespielt sind. Die Zukunft der Sozial- und Wirtschaftspolitik liegt in paneuropäischen Projekten. Und im politischen Mut, nationale Gewohnheiten zu überwinden. Reformstaus erzeugen Frust und Populismus.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Hinter dem offensichtlichen Reformstau stehen als auch neue Möglichkeiten. Und die reale Einsicht: Viele Probleme verlangen supranationale Lösungen.

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Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Beide Länder wollen heute den Binnenmarkt vertiefen. Gemeinsame Standards im Arbeitsmarkt, und ein angeschlossenes Sparpaket umsetzen. Die deutsch-französischen Pakete zeigen, dass auf technischer und wirtschaftlicher Ebene längst vernetzt gedacht und gearbeitet wird.

15/9/2025, 2:09:36 AM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view

Profile picture Paul Jouen (@pauljouen.bsky.social) reply parent

Auch die jüngsten Ereignisse (wie die gescheiterte Vertrauensfrage von François Bayrou und die endlosen Haushaltsklarstellungen) verdeutlichen die institutionelle Blockade der Fünften Republik.

15/9/2025, 2:09:36 AM | 1 0 | View on Bluesky | view